几种部署方式
- minikube安装
Minikube是一个工具,可以在本地快速运行一个单点的Kubernetes,仅用于尝试Kubernetes或日常开发的用户使用。 部署地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/
- kubeadm
Kubeadm也是一个工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。 部署地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
- 二进制包
推荐,从官方下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群。 下载地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases
环境概要
本次部署采用二进制包部署方式
软件环境
软件 | 版本 |
---|---|
操作系统 | CentOS7.2_x64 |
Docker | 18-ce |
Kubernetes | 1.12 |
服务器角色
角色 | IP | 组件 |
---|---|---|
k8s-master | 192.168.31.63 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.31.65 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel,etcd |
k8s-node2 | 192.168.31.66 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel,etcd |
部署Etcd集群
使用cfssl来生成自签证书,先下载cfssl工具1
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7wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
ssl证书介绍
组件 | 使用的证书 |
---|---|
etcd | ca.pem,server.pem,server-key.pem |
flannel | ca.pem,server.pem,server-key.pem |
kube-apiserver | ca.pem,server.pem,server-key.pem |
kubelet | ca.pem,ca-key.pem |
kube-proxy | ca.pem,kube-proxy.pem,kube-proxy-key.pem |
kubectl | ca.pem,admin.pem,admin-key.pem |
生成证书
创建三个证书文件1
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59cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.31.63",
"192.168.31.65",
"192.168.31.66"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书文件1
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7cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
2019/08/31 11:55:49 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
2019/08/31 11:55:49 [INFO] generate received request
2019/08/31 11:55:49 [INFO] received CSR
2019/08/31 11:55:49 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2019/08/31 11:55:49 [INFO] encoded CSR
2019/08/31 11:55:49 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 582209368862156632257687895161263330996641539441
1 | cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server |
pem文件是生成好的证书
遇到这个warning可以忽略
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3 ls
ca-config.json ca-csr.json ca.pem server.csr server-key.pem
ca.csr ca-key.pem Kubernetes-YAML server-csr.json server.pem
部署Etcd
二进制包下载地址:https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/tag/v3.2.12
将etcd安装到opt目录下1
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3mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
配置文件:1
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13cat /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.63:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.63:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.63:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.63:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.31.63:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.31.65:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.31.66:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
- ETCD_NAME 节点名称
- ETCD_DATA_DIR 数据目录
- ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS 集群通信监听地址
- ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS 客户端访问监听地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS 集群通告地址
- ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS 客户端通告地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER 集群节点地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN 集群Token
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE 加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
systemd管理etcd:1
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31cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的位置:1
cp ca*pem server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl
启动并设置开启启动:1
2systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
都部署完成后,检查etcd集群状态:1
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4/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.31.63:2379,https://192.168.31.65:2379,https://192.168.31.66:2379" \
cluster-health
1 | member 72130f86e474b7bb is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.31.66:2379 |
如果输出上面信息,就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志:/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd
部署Flannel网络
Falnnel要用etcd存储自身一个子网信息,所以要保证能成功连接Etcd,在master01节点写入预定义子网段:1
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4/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.31.63:2379,https://192.168.31.65:2379,https://192.168.31.66:2379" \
set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
以下部署步骤在规划的每个node节点都操作。1
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3wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /opt/kubernetes/bin
配置部署Flannel脚本:1
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ETCD_ENDPOINTS=${1:-"http://127.0.0.1:2379"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
-etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
-etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
-etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq \$FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd \$DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP \$MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart flanneld
systemctl restart docker
1 | sh flannel.sh https://192.168.31.63:2379,https://192.168.31.65:2379,https://192.168.31.66:2379 |
如果在vagrant+virtualbox环境下需要在/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld配置文件追加参数–iface=本机物理网卡名称
网络验证
node011
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19[root@node01 vagrant]docker run -it busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: eth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:1a:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.26.2/24 brd 172.17.26.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # ping 172.17.94.2
PING 172.17.94.2 (172.17.94.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.94.2: seq=0 ttl=62 time=0.684 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.94.2: seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.735 ms
^C
--- 172.17.94.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.684/0.709/0.735 ms
/ #
node021
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18[root@node02 ssl]docker run -it busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: eth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:5e:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.94.2/24 brd 172.17.94.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # ping 172.17.26.2
PING 172.17.26.2 (172.17.26.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.26.2: seq=0 ttl=62 time=0.604 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.26.2: seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.571 ms
--- 172.17.26.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.571/0.587/0.604 ms
/ #
在Master节点部署组件
在部署Kubernetes之前一定要确保etcd、flannel、docker是正常工作的,否则先解决问题再继续。
生成证书
创建CA证书:1
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28# cat server-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.31.63",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
生成kube_proxy证书1
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20# cat kube-proxy-csr.json
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
最终生成以下证书文件:1
2# ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem server-key.pem server.pem
部署apiserver组件
下载二进制包:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.12.md
下载这个包(kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz)就够了,包含了所需的所有组件。
1 | mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p |
配置文件生成1
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22# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.31.63:2379,https://192.168.31.65:2379,https://192.168.31.66:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.31.63 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.31.63 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"
配置好前面生成的证书,确保能连接etcd。
参数说明:
–logtostderr 启用日志
—v 日志等级
–etcd-servers etcd集群地址
–bind-address 监听地址
–secure-port https安全端口
–advertise-address 集群通告地址
–allow-privileged 启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range Service虚拟IP地址段
–enable-admission-plugins 准入控制模块
–authorization-mode 认证授权,启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth 启用TLS bootstrap功能,后面会讲到
–token-auth-file token文件
–service-node-port-range Service Node类型默认分配端口范围
创建token文件,1
674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
第一列:随机字符串,自己可生成
第二列:用户名
第三列:UID
第四列:用户组
systemd管理apiserver:1
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12cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动:1
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3systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-apiserver
部署scheduler组件
配置文件:1
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6cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect"
参数说明:
–master 连接本地apiserver
–leader-elect 当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
systemd管理schduler组件:1
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12cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动1
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systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl restart kube-scheduler
部署controller-manager组件
配置文件:1
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12cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"
systemd管理controller-manager组件:1
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12cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动:1
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3systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
所有组件都已经启动成功,通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态:
1 | /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get cs |
如上输出说明组件都正常
在node节点部署组件
Master apiserver启用TLS认证后,Node节点kubelet组件想要加入集群,必须使用CA签发的有效证书才能与apiserver通信,当Node节点很多时,签署证书是一件很繁琐的事情,因此有了TLS Bootstrapping机制,kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书,kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。
认证大致工作流程如图所示:
将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到系统集群角色
在master01节点操作1
2
3kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
创建kubeconfig文件
在master01节点操作
在生成kubernetes证书的目录下执行以下命令生成kubeconfig文件:
1 | # 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig |
将这两个文件拷贝到Node节点/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下。
部署kubelet组件
将前面下载的二进制包中的kubelet和kube-proxy拷贝到/opt/kubernetes/bin目录下。
创建kubelet配置文件:
1 | # cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet |
参数说明:
- hostname-override 在集群中显示的主机名
- kubeconfig 指定kubeconfig文件位置,会自动生成
- bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定刚才生成的bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
- cert-dir 颁发证书存放位置
- pod-infra-container-image 管理Pod网络的镜像
其中/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config配置文件如下:
1 | kind: KubeletConfiguration |
systemd管理kubelet组件:
1 | cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service |
启动:
1 | systemctl daemon-reload |
在Master审批Node加入集群:
启动后还没加入到集群中,需要手动允许该节点才可以。
在Master节点查看请求签名的Node:
1 | kubectl get csr |
部署kube-proxy组件
创建kube-proxy配置文件:
1 | cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy |
systemd管理kube-proxy组件:
1 | cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service |
启动:1
2
3systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy
Node2部署方式一样。
查看集群状态
1 | [root@master01 system]# kubectl get node |